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Maize: a source of renewable energy
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Biogas


Methanation is a biological process with organic matter broken down by microbial flora and occurring without oxygen;  the process is also referred to as anaerobic digestion or fermentation.








The biogas is then burnt in a “cogeneration” system, producing combined heat and power. 
Silage maize has excellent methane-producing power.

Biogas has developed well in Germany (with 240 000 hectares of silage maize and figures for 2009 estimated at 300 000 hectares)
     – by 2020 it will produce 9 500 MW (17% of German electricity)
     – by 2006, 90% of facilities were using maize feedstock
     –1 hectare of maize covers the electricity needs of 5 households
     – breeding work developing varieties has doubled the volume of dry matter per hectare (30 tonnes DM/ha or 10 000m3 methane/ha).
 
In France in 2006, methanation for agricultural purposes was done at 5 plants and there were 3 co-digestion plans for using animal farm effluents.  To date, the rate charged for biogas-generated electricity has not been attractive;  it was reviewed in 2006.





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